Monthly Archives: October 2013

Conditional Sentence

Conditional sentence type 1

Conditional sentence type 1 bermakna future karena akibat (main clause) berbentuk future dan subordinate clause berbentuk simple present tense.  kejadian yang ada pada main clause yang berbentuk future tersebut akan terjadi bila persyaratan yang ada pada subordinate clause (if…) terpenuhi.
Rumus condtional sentence type 1
  • If +simple present tense, Simple future tense
  • Simple future tense + if + simple present tense
NOTE: jangan lupa memasukan , (comma) jika ingin meletakkan subordinate clause terlebih dahulu. Tidak perlu meletakkan koma jika main clause anda masukan terlebih dahulu.
Example :
  • If she has my address, she will send the invitation to me.
  • They will buy a car if they have money.
  • My mother will go to Bali if she has a lot of money.
  • You will be late if you sleep late.
  • He will not come if you are angry with him.
Conditional Sentence Type II
Conditional type II ini digunakan sebagai aplikasi kejadian masa sekarang atau present. Kejadiannya akan terjadi jika kondisi yang ada pada subodinate clausenya berbeda.
Rumus condtional sentence type 2
  • If   +  Simple past tense  +  ,  +  Past future tense
  • Past future tense + if + simple past tense
Example :
  • If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
  • I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
  • If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
  • If I were you, I would not do this.
Conditional Sentence Type III
Pada conditional sentence type II merupakan aplikasi dari kondisi atau kejadian yang ada pada masa present/simple present tense, sedangkan type III ini merukan aplikasi kejadian masa lampau atau simple past tense. Terkadang, di masa lampau kita mempunyai keinginan yang tidak dapat kita wujudkan.
Rumus conditional type 3

  • If  + Past perfect + , + Past future perfect tense
  • Past future perfect tense + if + past perfect
Example :
  • If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
  • I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
  • If I hadn’t studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.
  • If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.

Types

Aside from the typical type I, II, III strucure, conditionals can be divided into two categories:
real and unreal conditionals.

Real Condition

If I have money, I spend it. Present Real Conditional – type I
If I had money, I spent it. Past Real Conditional – type I
If I have money, I will/am going to spend it. Future Real Conditional – type I

Unreal Condition

If I had had money, I would have spent it. Past unreal Conditional – type III
If I had money, I would spend it. I think about spending the money TODAY. Present unreal Conditional – type II
If I had money, I would spend it. I think about spending the money NEXT WEEK. Future unreal Conditional – type II

Special Features

Modal verbs

Main clauses with real conditional tenses can have modal verbs.

If I have money, I can spend it.

You can use could and might instead of would in unreal conditional clauses.

If I had money, I could spend it.
(I would be able to spend it.)
If I had money, I might spend it.
(I would possibly spend it.)

Mixed Conditionals

Unreal conditionals (type II + III) sometimes can be mixed, that is, the time of the if clause is different from the one of the main clause.

Past –> Present
If I had taken an aspirin, I wouldn’t have a headache now.

Past –> Future
If I had known that you are going to come by tomorrow, I would be in then.

Present –> Past
If she had enough money, she could have done this trip to Hawaii.

Present –> Future
If I were you, I would be spending my vacation in Seattle.

Future –> Past
If I weren’t flying to Detroit, I would have planned a trip to Vancouver.

Future –> Present
If I were taking this exam next week, I would be high-strung.